TITLE: KAIRA: the Kilpisjärvi Atmospheric Imaging Receiver Array -- system overview and first results
AUTHORS: McKay-Bukowski, et al.
ABSTRACT: The Kilpisjärvi Atmospheric Imaging Receiver Array (KAIRA) is a dual array of omnidirectional VHF radio antennas located near Kilpisjärvi, Finland. It is operated by the Sodankylä Geophysical Observatory. It makes extensive use of the proven LOFAR antenna and digital signal-processing hardware, and can act as a stand-alone passive receiver, as a receiver for the European Incoherent Scatter (EISCAT) very high frequency (VHF) incoherent scatter radar in Tromsø, or for use in conjunction with other Fenno-Scandinavian VHF experiments. In addition to being a powerful observing instrument in its own right, KAIRA will act as a pathfinder for technologies to be used in the planned EISCAT_3D phased-array incoherent scatter radar system and participate in very long baseline interferometry experiments. This paper gives an overview of KAIRA, its principal hardware and software components, and its main science objectives. We demonstrate the applicability of the radio astronomy technology to our geoscience application. Furthermore, we present a selection of results from the commissioning phase of this new radio observatory.
JOURNAL: IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing
For those who wish to include this using BibTeX, the following is the full citation code for the paper.
@ARTICLE{KAIRA_REF,
author={McKay-Bukowski, D. and Vierinen, J. and Virtanen, I.I.
and Fallows, R. and Postila, M. and Ulich, T. and Wucknitz, O.
and Brentjens, M. and Ebbendorf, N. and Enell, C.-F.
and Gerbers, M. and Grit, T. and Gruppen, P. and Kero, A.
and Iinatti, T. and Lehtinen, M. and Meulman, H. and Norden, M.
and Orispaa, M. and Raita, T. and de Reijer, J.P.
and Roininen, L. and Schoenmakers, A. and Stuurwold, K.
and Turunen, E.},
journal={Geoscience and Remote Sensing, IEEE Transactions on},
title={KAIRA: The Kilpisj\"arvi Atmospheric Imaging Receiver
Array --- System Overview and First Results},
year={2015},
month={March},
volume={53},
number={3},
pages={1440-1451},
doi={10.1109/TGRS.2014.2342252},
ISSN={0196-2892},}