Showing posts with label progress. Show all posts
Showing posts with label progress. Show all posts

Thursday, 11 October 2012

First all-sky image with KAIRA

Yesterday we managed to take our first all-sky image with KAIRA. The observing frequency is 59.6 MHz and we used the entire LBA array.
First all-sky image with KAIRA. A 1-second integration at 59.6 MHz.
The image is not calibrated (in fact, we still have a long way to go). However, there are still a number of features visible: The three red areas on the left are (from bottom to top) the galactic plane, Cyg A and Cas A. The amber-coloured patch just to the right of Cas A is probably a calibration effect.

The next step is to acquire calibration data and determined better solutions for the amplitude, phase and delay errors.

Getting this far has been a lot of work, so thanks to everyone who has helped achieve this.

Wednesday, 26 September 2012

First full set of subbands on the LBA

This evening, we managed to get good spectra from all LBAs at KAIRA. This has been a challenging task with blood, sweat and tears... right to the end, due to the problems with cable-ground shielding. But we've managed to do it and therefore proudly present our first full set of LBA bandpasses.

LBA spectra from all 96 RCUs. (Click to enlarge)

We still have more work to do on this and, in fact, we will need to do further subband testing to ensure that we have flushed out all the cabling problems. However this is another step for the project and we can now look forward to facing the next task!



Friday, 27 July 2012

LBA installation progress — 27-Jul-2012

We've done it! At last the final LOFAR LBA aerials have been erected on the field. All 48 are now in place and the field is looking pretty complete. We still need to sort out some cabling in the LBA-mausoleum, and this will be carried out soon. However, for now, we can pause and celebrate the accomplishment of getting the aerials in place. Here's the final progress map:



Over the course of the next few days, we'll be posting up loads of photographs from the LBA build work, as well as reporting on the next stage of the installation and commissioning work. We will also be working on the data processing and some inventory work over the weekend. But, for now...

... have a nice weekend!

Thursday, 26 July 2012

LBA installation progress — 26-Jul-2012

Well, today was the day for which all the recent preparation work has been worth it. Today we managed to accomplish an amazing 12 antenna aerials installed, with only a single small team. We also managed to complete a large number of 40m cables, do the planning for the forth coming weeks and continue to press ahead on the HBA commissioning work. While this was going on, ASTRON engineers in the Netherlands were remotely logged in to continue their work on the system. At the end of the day, they reported that their validation work was complete (although some tuning of the timing remains to be completed). At this pace, there is simply no way that we can keep up with posting reports and photographs, but don't worry... they will be put up over the next few days. However, here is today's progress map...


This now presents us with a dilemma. Should we press on and try and accomplish the full LBA installation tomorrow, or will we go into weekend commissioning with a few remaining? Admittedly there are only eleven aerials remaining, but it is not clear how the weather will hold out. Still, it is an exciting time with huge amounts of visible progress.

Wednesday, 25 July 2012

LBA installation progress — 25-Jul-2012

Today we only completed a single LBA aerial. However, we started a lot! Given the current conditions, the requirement to make more 40-metre cables and the added complication of having to scan the new half-lengths, the crew decided to try to get as much 80-metre cable work done as possible, giving the others a chance to make some headway on cable production. So, in total we installed 13 pairs of 80-metre cables, and quite a few pairs of 40-metre cables, but the aerials themselves have not been installed... except just the one!

Obviously we shall resume work tomorrow and, hopefully, have a more impressive progress map to show at the end of the day. But, for now, the good news is that we are now past the half-way mark.

Overnight, the observing team will continue to work on calibration and collecting test data.

Tuesday, 24 July 2012

LBA installation progress — 24-Jul-2012

Today we had a very productive day, despite numerous challenges. Firstly, the change in the weather conditions and the season meant that today the Finnish black fly decided to launch their summer offensive. This makes life somewhat unpleasant as these are no mere mosquitoes which take a sip and are gone. No, these little blighters make sure you notice, taking a bite and leaving a wound. Then, the weather has been coming and going in fits and starts, throwing down some serious amounts of water at times. Also, we reached the section where we need 120m cables. These are made by cutting and re-connecting 80m cables to give us additional extension lengths. This works well, but is time consuming. However, despite these challenges we had one of our best days, managing to install six aerials. Here's the updated progress map:

Progress as of the 24-Jul-2012. We have 24 out of 48 now installed.


This might not seem like a lot compare to the heady days of the LOFAR-UK installation. However, that build had the cables already installed (something usually taken for granted), whereas our team has to do that work pair-by-pair, cutting and fitting connectors by hand, fitting the metal armour and then slowly drawing them through a labyrinth of ducts, rather than being able to deploy them from reels at pace. Also we only have a few, albeit very capable, summer students to do this work.

So, all in all, we're delighted with today's work. We are now half-way! This sets us very well on our schedule for getting the array completed on time. Here

Monday, 23 July 2012

Antenna cross correlations

We are now routinely collecting data from KAIRA's High-Band Antenna (HBA) array. This operates in one of several receiver unit (RCU) modes which, with the use of filters and clock rates, allow us to get at different Nyquist zones in the spectrum. Most of the initial experiments that we are doing at with RCU mode 5 (which is approximately 110-190 MHz). There is one RCU per signal path. That is, one RCU per polarisation per antenna. For the KAIRA HBA array, we have 48 antennas (the tiles) and each one has 2 polarisations (linear X and Y) and we have 96 RCUs to process all of these.

When data is collected, it is split into frequency channels called subbands. Additionally, it is possible to run a small correlator in the RF-container, which will determine the cross-correlations for each pair of

The following plot shows an antenna cross-correlation (ACC) matrix. The two axes are the RCU numbers, from 0 to 95 (from left to right and from top to bottom). The shading is the level of correlation. The auto-correlations have been set to zero to make the plot more useful. Auto-correlations are what you get if you correlate an RCU with itself. Because this obviously will have a very strong correlation, these data would otherwise dominate the dynamic range of the plot, which is why they are clipped to zero for normal viewing.


KAIRA HBA(5) subband 240, just after midday UTC on 19-Jul-2012.

In the grand scheme of things, these data are really just an intermediate step along the way to getting the system calibrated and producing data streams from on-sky beams, or all-sky images. However, it is an important matter and being able to produce this sort of display is a very encouraging step towards the realisation of a fully working system. It represents the culmination of a lot of hard work and effort by a lot of people, from SGO, ASTRON and elsewhere and everyone involved should take heart that we are getting close now and that their endeavours are appreciated.

Calibration and commissioning work will be continuing this week. Hopefully we should have some even more interesting results to show soon!

Friday, 20 July 2012

LBA installation progress — 20-Jul-2012

After a mixed week, we've finished(no pun intended) really well. Obviously there have been the ASTRON engineers on the site during the early part of the week and their work went well. We managed to get the HBA installation complete and the commissioning and calibration has now begun. We've had some delays due to some technical challenges, but there hasn't been anything that we have not been able to overcome with perseverance. The first data are now starting to come off the system and we are pleased with the results so far. There is a long way to go, of course, but we are confident that we can get there quickly so that the scientific experiments can commence.

On the LBA, there has been lots of hard work on trenches, cabling, ducts. Poor weather has slowed things down, as has some unforeseen issues with the drawing of cable lines. Unlike most international LOFAR stations, the cable work here is extremely complicated, requiring careful and painstaking work. However, the crew has managed to get these sorted out and today bears proof of that. In half a day alone, we managed to get five new LBA aerials installed and connected. Things are thus looking very good for when work on the LBA resumes on Monday.

The light-shaded LBA aerials are today's efforts.





General works around the site have also been going on during this week, and there's been good progress there too. The site is a lot more organised now  and it is starting to look complete in many areas. It has been great that everyone has found a spare moment here and there to help clean up, sort things out and make the place more presentable. Especially as it is without asking! The fact that everyone takes such professional pride in the work is great and it makes KAIRA a wonderful place to work.

There is a busy programme of software and calibration work planned for the weekend and construction and installation shall resume on Monday. Of course, watch for more photographs over the weekend as we catch up with the backlog! However, for now, it is time to sign off...

Have a good weekend, everyone!

Thursday, 19 July 2012

LBA installation progress — 19-Jul-2012

It was a slow day today. The rain varied between light drizzle and heavy rain. As a result, the crew concentrated on other tasks. These included completing the fence by the site entrance, checking on HBA tile water drains, and a variety of necessary trenching works. In addition to this we got a lot accomplished in terms of software configuration and development.



Still, we got one LBA aerial installed (#L31, in the lighter shade in the diagram). Hopefully the weather will improve soon so we can make some more progress soon.

Wednesday, 18 July 2012

LBA installation progress — 18-Jul-2012

Today we continued work on the LBA. We started well, but thenthe draw string was starting to become twisted in the main cable ducts. a couple of antenna's worth later and it was completely jammed. As a result, we did not make as much progress as we did yesterday. Here is the progress diagram as it stood at the time we stopped for the evening meal.

Progress from today. The newly installed aerials are in a lighter shade.

Because of the blockage, we have opened up the two service pits and have cut open the ducts in those positions. We have drawn new lines for each one (and these are continuous, mono-directional loops). Markus has spliced some very smooth loops into them to allow us to hook on the cable draw-clips. Hopefully we'll be able to make some more progress tomorrow.

Tuesday, 17 July 2012

LBA installation progress — 17-Jul-2012

Today's progress. This morning, we finished placing all the grids and hammering in the pegs. We then started working on the installation of the cables and aerials. The map here shows how far we've managed to get today.

LBA installation progress from 17-Jul-2012. The "light shaded" aerials are new.


During all of this, we were also working on the HBA commissioning with the ASTRON team. We now have working bandpasses on all HBA antennas. Overnight, we are running the first long-term accumulation of antenna cross-correlations (the so called ACC files) which we will use for further tests and station calibration.

Photographs to follow soon.

Saturday, 14 July 2012

LBA installation progress — 12-Jul-2012

On 12th July 2012, we installed our first low-band aerial. Although we have installed several around the sites before (three at Kilpisjärvi and two at Sodankylä), this one is different. The reason for this is that it is the first LBA to be installed in the "final" location on the field. In other words, we have started installation for real!

As you may remember from last year, we reported on the installation work of the HBA tiles. Well, as we have a lot of curious colleagues, we intend to do the same with the LBA as well. As a result, we will be putting up progress maps as we go along, showing the newly installed aerials. Although a bit empty at the moment, here is the first of them!


As we go along, we'll be interspersing these progress maps with photographs of the build. Enjoy!

Wednesday, 3 August 2011

HBA cabling progress — 03-Aug-2011

Array cabling complete! Today we put in the last cable connecting the antenna tiles to the RF-container patch panel. This was accomplished around the middle of the day; somewhat ahead of the revised schedule, which was good. For completeness, here is the final cable progress map:This ends another important phase of the project. Ooo... but that there is a lot more to go yet!

Firstly, the cable mausoleum needs to be completed, as well as the remaining RF-container preparation work. For the next few weeks we will be doing a lot of site work too. Snow fences, wind breaks, and lots more. Of course we will be posting about all of these on this web log.

And, hopefully, we'll get the first science measurements soon!

Tuesday, 2 August 2011

HBA cabling progress — 02-Aug-2011

Today was a very good day on the cable installation. We put out cables to 17 tile antennas. This is a record! We are now getting close to the end and, weather permitting, we should get this stage completed tomorrow. The situation currently looks like this:


In addition to this, there has been some work done on the LBA field, including an initial survey. Although the field work is now done, there is still some work on the data processing, but we hope to have an accurate topographical map of the LBA site available soon.

Monday, 1 August 2011

HBA cabling progress — 01-Aug-2011

August already?! Actually, the leaves have started turning yellow — we saw the first few some days ago now, and there has been a light dusting of snow on the fells the weekend before last. Today, we pressed on with the cabling and managed to reach the half way point. However, it has been tough going, with the ducts starting to fill up and becoming difficult to manage. But the two small sections of the KAIRA HBA have been cabled.



In addition to the cabling, we've started looking at the LBA field and preparing for an initial survey. We've re-labelled the patch panel in preparation for the RF-installation work. And, we've solved the mystery of the missing sand!

More on all of these stories soon.

Friday, 29 July 2011

HBA cabling progress — 29-Jul-2011

Today, we continued work on the HBA cables. With not quite as many people on site today, some additional work to be done and some planning and checking, we did not get quite as many done. However, we have now completed the first block of cables and are ready to go with the next block for Monday morning. As far as our revised schedule is concerned, this is on track.


The completed antennas are shaded in orange and white. This is because these are the colours used on the labels of the X- and Y-polarisations (respectively).

During the weekend, we shall be working on the planning for the next stages of the build. Apart from organising the electronics for the RF container, there is the initial planning work to be done for the LBA. It is almost a year ago that we carried out the first site survey and that was planned last August. So, it is time to get working on the planning for the LBA build for next year.

Oh... and the weekend will be a great chance to catch up on all the unpublished photographs we've been taking for the web log!

Thursday, 28 July 2011

HBA cabling progress — 28-Jul-2011

Today, we continued our work on laying cables for the KAIRA HBA. The progress so far is shown below.


Each antenna that has had cables run out to it is shaded. The orange shading indicates there is an X-polarisation cable installed. The white shading indicates that there is the Y-polarisation cable in place. As can be seen (click on the chart for an enlargement if required), antenna H41 only managed to get its X-polarisation cable today.

The reason for the orange/white shading is that these are the cable label-colours used. Each cable is marked with a colour-coded, bar-coded label and the scheme we have used here is to match that. More on this later!

As can be seen, we made some good progress today.

Wednesday, 27 July 2011

HBA cabling progress — 27-Jul-2011

In the same way that we reported on the progress of the installation of the tile antennas, we've also been asked to do the same for the installation of the HBA cables. As has been described, there are two cables from each antenna to the RF-container, where the signal processing electronics is located.

Today, we only installed one cable pair, for the furthest antenna — HXX.


It took us a long time to get the cables for this antenna installed. Hopefully, the pace will pick up a bit as we clear out the problems and become more experienced.

Wednesday, 20 July 2011

The final tile antenna

Following on from last night's report, here are some photographs of the final work done on the tile installation. Firstly, we have a photograph of the damaged sections of the tile. These all needed to be removed and replaced with spare parts that we had from our stock (leftovers from the destructive testing last winter).


With the repair work done, we fitted the tile ahead of the rapidly deteriorating weather. If this next photograph looks bad, I can assure you it got a LOT worse.


There are no photographs of the final tile being put on the frameset. The conditions were so poor that we needed every pair of hands at work to ensure that the deployment was a success. After all, it is better to have a unrecorded moment of triumph, rather than a photo record of the tile that blew away!

And it was, indeed, a success. With all tiles deployed and secured, we took this photograph of the build team who were present on the day:

From left to right, in the rain, they are: Derek Mckay‐Bukowski, Marko Kauranen, Santtu Rantakokko, Johannes Turunen, Mikko Tilja, Jussi Paulamäki, Stuart Keenan, Markku Postila, Pertti Nissinen, Rauno Oikarainen and Eero Rantakokko. The team is standing in front of antennas H42 (left) and H31, the latter of which was the final tile that we placed.

To the team here, plus those were worked on the site on earlier tile installations, those from ASTRON and SGO who helped with the planning, our contractors and logistics companies and everyone else who worked hard to get us this far (and to schedule too)... thank you! We really appreciate it.

Although this marks a significant step in the construction, we still have a lot of additional work to go (sorry, team!). But the good news is that there is still much more to be posted on this web log. The pace will keep up with multiple posts per day for some time yet as we tackle the next stage of the project. Stay tuned.

Tuesday, 19 July 2011

HBA installation progress — 19-Jul-2011

Today, the last few tiles were put on the field, thus completing the antenna deployment. Although there were only three to go it, it was by no means an easy day and repair work, high winds and torrential rain main the going slow, difficult and risky.

The main problem was the high wind speeds, which was unusually blowing in from the south east. The speeds were generally pretty strong, with gusts up to 15 m/s. Typically a LOFAR station would have stopped work under those circumstances, but we pressed on, despite the fact that everything was being done 1.5 metres higher as well, because of the frameset mounts.

To make things easier for us, we moved the unfolding station in close to the two tiles in the east storage stack.

The first tile (location H30) managed to go on okay in a small lull. This was probably just as well, as this was the most exposed tile. Once in place, we could then deploy the framesets in locations H42 and H31. There was a small pause as the last frameset went in as we smiled at the moment. Then we wiped the rain from our faces and headed over to prepare the penultimate tile.

This second one was more challenging and there were several occasions where the tile would rise alarmingly in the blustery conditions. With stress levels at a maximum, the tile lurched into place and we quickly got the cover on and locked it down.

We figured we didn't have enough time to complete the final tile repair work before lunch, and the weather was being uncooperative, so we spent the next while putting in additional O-rings to ensure that the covers on deployed tiles were all locked down okay.

After lunch, came the tile we'd all be dreading. This one had been damaged during transit and we needed to effect repairs on at least 3, if not more, of the cells. The main concern was that we'd need to dismantle most of the tile to get the work done — not good, as the rain was coming and going and we were concerned about exposed electronics.

Again, we moved the unfolding station right next to the tile and then set to work. We were lucky to have Stuart Keenan to hand, as he could quickly and expertly conduct the repair work on the damaged side of the tile, while the rest of the team continued the fitting work on the other side. As we completed cell repairs, we quickly set and check the polarisation and then get the cover down. In the end, rain exposure was minimal and we had the tile prepared ready for the final lift.

Like the previous one, this also proved difficult. Access was limited as we were now pushed into the easternmost corner and vehicle manoeuvring was severely restricted. That meant it was one of our longest reaches to get the tile into place and the wind was not cooperating.

Using loading straps — at 2+ metres high, it was out of easy arms reach — we held the tile down as much as we could and drove it into place. With about 1 metre to go, there was a strong gust and the tile swung violently to one side, but we managed to steady it and get it lowered into place. We quickly slid on the cover and locked it down.

The last was definitely the most challenging and the relief at having got this major phase of the work done was considerable. It was the riskiest part of the entire construction phase and we managed it without too many problems and we completed it on schedule too. The final status is, of course, as follows:

To everyone who took part in the deployment of the tiles: thank you! Some photographs of this final stage will be posted here on the web log in the morning. And then we get to start the next phase of the project!